Tag: musical-notation

  • 5 Easy Steps to Make Your Guitar Chords Look Like a Sinfonia Font

    5 Easy Steps to Make Your Guitar Chords Look Like a Sinfonia Font

    5 Easy Steps to Make Your Guitar Chords Look Like a Sinfonia Font

    Within the realm of music notation, the Sinfonia font stands as a sublime and complicated selection, evoking photos of sweeping symphonies and grand operas. Its sleek curves and complex prospers add a contact of artistry to any musical rating. For guitarists looking for to convey this aesthetic to their very own chords, the duty could seem daunting. Nevertheless, with the precise method, it’s fully attainable to recreate the alluring look of Sinfonia font chords on guitar.

    To embark on this endeavor, one should first perceive the important thing traits of Sinfonia font. Its hallmark options embrace elongated stems, ornamented noteheads, and meticulously positioned accidentals. To emulate these parts on guitar, think about using tablature software program that enables for personalized chord symbols. By adjusting the font and image measurement, you possibly can create elongated stems that stretch past the fretboard. Moreover, make investments time in crafting intricate noteheads by rigorously positioning dots and features. Lastly, experiment with totally different unintended symbols to search out those that the majority intently resemble these present in Sinfonia font.

    Whereas recreating the visible enchantment of Sinfonia font chords is a commendable pursuit, it’s important to keep in mind that the final word function of any chord image is to convey musical info clearly and successfully. Make sure that your stylized chords retain their readability and don’t hinder the understanding of the development. Think about using a mix of conventional and stylized chords to keep up a steadiness between aesthetics and practicality. By embracing a harmonious mix of creativity and performance, you possibly can elevate your guitar chords to the extent of a musical masterpiece.

    Formatting Guitar Chords in Sinfonia Font

    The Sinfonia font is a music notation font that can be utilized to create professional-looking guitar chords and different musical notation. To format guitar chords in Sinfonia font, you should use the ChordPro syntax. ChordPro is a text-based format that can be utilized to create guitar chords utilizing a easy and easy-to-read syntax. Yow will discover the `chopro` bundle in most Linux distribution (or different different packages) that can be utilized to transform chordpro to musicxml, and additional transformed to graphical notation utilizing music notation software program like Musescore which helps Sinfonia font.

    Here’s a desk that summarizes the ChordPro syntax for guitar chords:

    Chord Title ChordPro Syntax
    C main C
    C minor Cm
    C main seventh Cmaj7
    C minor seventh Cm7
    C dominant seventh C7
    C half-diminished seventh C°7
    C absolutely diminished seventh
    C augmented seventh C+7

    Putting in Sinfonia Font

    To put in the Sinfonia font in your laptop, comply with these steps:

    Home windows

    1. Obtain the Sinfonia font file (.ttf or .otf) from a good web site.
    2. Double-click on the downloaded font file to open the Font Preview window.
    3. Click on on the “Set up” button.
    4. The font will likely be put in to your system and will likely be accessible to be used in any utility that helps customized fonts.

    Mac

    1. Obtain the Sinfonia font file (.ttf or .otf) from a good web site.
    2. Double-click on the downloaded font file to open the Font E-book utility.
    3. Click on on the “Set up Font” button.
    4. The font will likely be put in to your system and will likely be accessible to be used in any utility that helps customized fonts.

    Different Platforms

    In case you are utilizing a platform aside from Home windows or Mac, seek the advice of the documentation in your working system on easy methods to set up customized fonts.

    Platform Set up Directions
    Linux Use the “fc-install” command within the terminal to put in the font.
    iOS Set up the font utilizing a third-party app similar to iFont or AnyFont.
    Android Set up the font utilizing a third-party app similar to FontFix or HiFont.

    Selecting Chords for Sinfonia:

    Sinfonia font is characterised by its elegant and flowing look. To attain the same aesthetic in your chord music, take into account the next pointers:

    Use Closed Chords: Closed chords have their root, third, and fifth notes all inside the identical octave. This creates a harmonious and balanced sound that enhances the fragile strains of Sinfonia font.

    Incorporate Suspensions: Suspensions are chords the place a number of notes are delayed, making a second of stress that’s ultimately resolved. This system provides curiosity and motion to your chord progressions, mimicking the dynamic nature of Sinfonia’s design.

    Keep away from Rootless Chords: Rootless chords, the place the basis observe is omitted, can sound sparse and fragmented. As a substitute, go for chords with clearly outlined roots, offering a stable basis in your musical construction. To elaborate additional on avoiding rootless chords, take into account the next causes:

    Cause

    Weak Harmonic Construction: Rootless chords lack a transparent tonal heart, making it tough to determine a powerful harmonic basis.

    Disjointed Sound: The absence of the basis observe creates a way of discontinuity and might make the chords sound disconnected.

    Musical Ambiguity: And not using a outlined root, it turns into difficult to find out the chord’s key or perform, resulting in musical uncertainty.

    Placement and Sizing of Chords

    The location and sizing of chords can considerably impression the general feel and look of your music. Listed below are some ideas that can assist you obtain a clear {and professional} look:

    Chord Placement

    When putting chords on the employees, it is necessary to think about their relative significance and proximity to the notes they signify. Extra necessary chords, similar to root or tonic chords, must be positioned nearer to the middle of the employees, whereas much less outstanding chords may be positioned barely greater or decrease. Moreover, chords must be spaced evenly aside, each horizontally and vertically, to keep up a way of order and readability.

    Chord Sizing

    The scale of chords in Sinfonia font can vary from small to giant. Smaller chords are usually used for particular person notes or transient harmonic gestures, whereas bigger chords can emphasize necessary or sustained harmonies. Normally, the bigger the chord, the extra outstanding it would seem within the music. Nevertheless, it is necessary to keep away from utilizing excessively giant chords that may overwhelm the employees or make the music tough to learn.

    Chord Spacing

    Correct spacing between chords is essential for readability and aesthetics. The quantity of area between chords will rely on the dimensions of the chords and their relative significance. Smaller chords may be spaced nearer collectively, whereas bigger chords would require extra space to keep away from overlapping or crowding the employees. The next desk offers a normal information for chord spacing in Sinfonia font:

    Chord Dimension Spacing
    Small 1-2 mm
    Medium 2-3 mm
    Massive 3-4 mm or extra

    Aligning Chords Vertically

    Guaranteeing correct vertical alignment of chords is essential for making a professional-looking rating. Listed below are the steps to do it:

    1. Set Employees Peak

    Navigate to the “View” menu and choose “Employees Kinds”. Below “Employees Peak”, set a constant top for all staves the place chords will seem.

    2. Edit Chord Symbols

    Choose the chord image you need to alter and press “Edit”. Within the “Positioning” part, enter a Y-offset worth. This worth shifts the chord image both above or beneath the employees.

    3. Align by Hand

    An alternative choice is to align chords manually. Use the “Transfer” software and drag the chord symbols up or down till they seem visually aligned.

    4. Vertical Offset Instrument

    Sibelius affords a Vertical Offset software that may be discovered below “Format” > “Vertical Offset”. Choose the chords you need to align and alter the “Chord Image” offset worth to shift them up or down.

    5. Superior Chord Alignment

    For exact alignment, you should use the “Chord Symbols” dialog field, accessible by double-clicking on a chord image. Within the “Positioning” tab, you will discover the next choices:

    Choice Description
    Chord Margin Adjusts the hole between the chord image and the employees
    Horizontal Place Determines the chord’s place relative to the notehead
    Vertical Place Units the vertical offset of the chord image from the employees
    Justification Aligns the chord image to the left, proper, or heart of the notehead

    Adjusting Chord Spacing

    The spacing between chords can considerably impression the general look of your guitar chords music. Sinfonia’s default chord spacing is comparatively extensive, which might typically make the chords seem cluttered or tough to learn. Thankfully, you possibly can simply alter the spacing to create a extra visually interesting format.

    To regulate the chord spacing, comply with these steps:

    1. Open the Chord Spacing Settings dialog field by clicking the “Chord Spacing” button on the toolbar.
    2. Use the “Spacing” slider to regulate the gap between the chords.
    3. Click on the “OK” button to use the adjustments.

    Along with adjusting the general chord spacing, you may as well management the spacing between particular person notes inside every chord. This may be helpful for fine-tuning the looks of your chords.

    To regulate the observe spacing, comply with these steps:

    1. Choose the chord you need to alter.
    2. Click on the “Notice Spacing” button on the toolbar.
    3. Use the “Spacing” slider to regulate the gap between the notes.
    4. Click on the “OK” button to use the adjustments.

    The next desk exhibits the default chord spacing settings in Sinfonia:

    Setting Worth
    General chord spacing 10 pixels
    Notice spacing inside chords 5 pixels

    Integrating Chords into Musical Notation

    7. Representing Chords with Chord Symbols

    Chord symbols are a extensively accepted methodology of representing chords in written music. They usually use a mix of letters and numbers to point the basis, kind, and inversion of a chord. The next desk offers a quick overview of widespread chord symbols:

    Chord Image Which means
    C C main triad (root place)
    Cm C minor triad (root place)
    C7 C dominant seventh chord (root place)
    Cmaj7 C main seventh chord (root place)
    Cmin7 C minor seventh chord (root place)

    a. Root Notation

    The foundation of a chord is the bottom observe within the triad or seventh chord. In most chord symbols, the basis is represented by a capital letter (e.g., C, D, E).

    b. Chord Sort Notation

    The chord kind (e.g., main, minor, dominant, diminished, augmented) is indicated by a suffix. Frequent suffixes embrace:

    – m for minor (e.g., Cm)
    – 7 for dominant seventh (e.g., C7)
    – maj7 for main seventh (e.g., Cmaj7)
    – min7 for minor seventh (e.g., Cmin7)

    c. Inversion Notation

    Chord inversions are represented by a superscript quantity. For instance, C6 represents a primary inversion C main triad, with the third (E) within the bass.

    Utilizing Sinfonia for Chord Diagrams

    Sinfonia is a flexible font that can be utilized successfully for creating guitar chord diagrams. Its elegant and legible design makes it straightforward to learn and perceive even complicated chord diagrams.

    8. Customizing the Diagram

    To customise the looks of your chord diagram, you possibly can alter the dimensions, spacing, and alignment of the weather:

    • Dimension: Use the “Scale” possibility to extend or lower the general measurement of the diagram.
    • Spacing: The “Spacing” possibility controls the gap between the strings and frets. Alter this worth to make the diagram kind of compact.
    • Alignment: The “Align” possibility determines the horizontal alignment of the fingerings. Select “Middle” to heart the fingerings over the strings, or “Left” or “Proper” to align them on both aspect.
    • Fretboard Thickness: Alter the “Fretboard Thickness” possibility to regulate the thickness of the fretboard strains.
    • String Thickness: The “String Thickness” possibility units the thickness of the string strains.
    • Capo Place: When you’re utilizing a capo, you possibly can specify its place on the fretboard utilizing the “Capo Place” possibility.
    • Fingerings Model: Select the “Fingerings Model” to alter the looks of the fingerings, similar to utilizing numbers, letters, or symbols.
    • Fingerings Font: Choose the “Fingerings Font” to decide on a unique font for the fingerings.
    • Fingerings Dimension: Use the “Fingerings Dimension” possibility to regulate the dimensions of the fingerings.
    Customization Choice Impact
    Dimension General measurement of the diagram
    Spacing Distance between strings and frets
    Align Horizontal alignment of fingerings
    Fretboard Thickness Thickness of fretboard strains
    String Thickness Thickness of string strains
    Capo Place Place of capo on fretboard
    Fingerings Model Look of fingerings
    Fingerings Font Font used for fingerings
    Fingerings Dimension Dimension of fingerings

    Superior Customization Choices

    The superior customization choices permit you to fine-tune the looks of your guitar chord music to match your particular wants and preferences. These choices embrace:

    9. Customized Character Mapping

    The customized character mapping characteristic means that you can assign particular characters to signify the totally different guitar chord symbols. That is significantly helpful for creating customized chord symbols or for utilizing non-standard musical symbols. To create a customized character mapping, comply with these steps:

    1. Open the “Character Map” dialog field by urgent the “Ctrl” key and the “M” key concurrently.

    2. Within the “Character Map” dialog field, choose the font you need to use from the “Font” drop-down menu.

    3. Find the character you need to assign to a selected guitar chord image.

    4. Click on on the character after which click on on the “Choose” button.

    5. Within the “Character Map” dialog field, click on on the “Copy” button.

    6. Open the “Sinfonia” font file in a textual content editor.

    7. Discover the road that accommodates the next code:

    
    
    
    

    8. Add the next code beneath the road from step 7:

    
    

    9. Exchange the "0123456789" with the characters you need to assign to the guitar chord symbols.

    10. Save the "Sinfonia" font file.

    After you have created a customized character mapping, you should use it to create guitar chord music that makes use of the symbols you've gotten assigned.

    Right here is an instance of a customized character mapping:

    Guitar Chord Image Character
    C ģ
    G Ĥ
    D ĥ

    Troubleshooting Frequent Points

    1. Why do my guitar chords look totally different from the Sinfonia font?

    • Confirm you have put in the Sinfonia font in your system.
    • Make sure the font is chosen in your music notation software program.
    • Verify the chord diagram settings to make sure they're utilizing the Sinfonia font.
    • Replace your music notation software program to the newest model.

    2. My guitar chords haven't got the right fret numbers.

    • Make sure you've chosen the proper tuning in your guitar within the chord diagram settings.
    • Confirm that the chord diagram is configured to show fret numbers.
    • Alter the fret quantity font measurement within the chord diagram settings.

    3. The strings on my guitar chord diagrams usually are not spaced evenly.

    • Guarantee your music notation software program is up-to-date.
    • Alter the string spacing within the chord diagram settings.
    • If utilizing a third-party plugin, seek the advice of its documentation for troubleshooting ideas.

    4. A few of the chords in my guitar music look distorted or incomplete.

    • Confirm that your music notation software program is rendering fonts accurately.
    • Replace your music notation software program to the newest model.
    • Verify for corrupted font information or set up the Sinfonia font from a trusted supply.

    5. I can not discover the Sinfonia font on my system.

    • Obtain and set up the Sinfonia font from a good web site.
    • Guarantee your working system helps the font format.
    • Contact the music notation software program vendor for help if you cannot find the font.

    6. My guitar chords are too small or too giant.

    • Alter the chord diagram measurement within the music notation software program settings.
    • Make sure the zoom stage in your music notation software program is ready appropriately.
    • Use the "Zoom to Match" characteristic in your music notation software program to robotically alter the dimensions.

    7. The guitar chords in my music usually are not centered accurately.

    • Alter the horizontal and vertical alignment of the chord diagrams within the music notation software program settings.
    • Use the "Align to Notice" characteristic to robotically align chords with notes.
    • Manually alter the place of every chord utilizing the drag-and-drop performance.

    8. I am having issue creating or enhancing guitar chords within the Sinfonia font.

    • Seek the advice of the documentation in your music notation software program for detailed directions.
    • Discover on-line tutorials or boards for added assist.
    • Think about using a third-party plugin or add-on designed for guitar chord creation.

    9. My guitar chords are lacking sure symbols or annotations.

    • Make sure you've chosen the suitable chord diagram preset within the music notation software program settings.
    • Confirm that the symbols and annotations are enabled within the chord diagram settings.
    • Verify the font encoding to make sure it helps the required symbols.

    10. I've tried all of the troubleshooting steps, however my guitar chords nonetheless do not look appropriate.

    • Contact the technical assist crew of your music notation software program for additional help.
    • Present detailed screenshots or examples of the problems you are encountering.
    • Be ready to supply details about your working system, software program model, and any third-party plugins you are utilizing.

    How To Make Guitar Chords Music Look Like Sinfonia Font

    Sinfonia is a ravishing and stylish music font that may add a contact of sophistication to your guitar chords. Here is easy methods to make your guitar chords appear like they're written in Sinfonia:

    1. Obtain the Sinfonia font from the web.
    2. Set up the font in your laptop.
    3. Open a phrase processing program similar to Microsoft Phrase or Google Docs.
    4. Create a brand new doc and kind out your guitar chords.
    5. Spotlight the guitar chords and choose the Sinfonia font from the font menu.
    6. Your guitar chords will now be displayed within the Sinfonia font.

    Individuals Additionally Ask

    How do I make my guitar chords look bolder?

    You may make your guitar chords look bolder by growing the font weight. To do that, spotlight the guitar chords and choose the "Daring" possibility from the font menu.

    How do I make my guitar chords look smaller?

    You may make your guitar chords look smaller by lowering the font measurement. To do that, spotlight the guitar chords and choose a smaller font measurement from the font menu.

    How do I modify the colour of my guitar chords?

    You possibly can change the colour of your guitar chords by choosing the "Font Shade" possibility from the font menu. This may permit you to select a brand new coloration in your guitar chords.

  • 5 Easy Steps to Make Your Guitar Chords Look Like a Sinfonia Font

    5 Ways to Hold Rest

    5 Easy Steps to Make Your Guitar Chords Look Like a Sinfonia Font
    $title$

    Relaxation is crucial for our bodily, psychological, and emotional well-being. It permits our our bodies to restore themselves, our minds to course of data, and our feelings to manage. Nonetheless, in at this time’s fast-paced, always-on world, getting sufficient relaxation is usually a problem. We frequently discover ourselves sacrificing sleep, leisure time, and different restful actions so as to meet our commitments and tasks. This will result in various well being issues, together with fatigue, burnout, and power stress.

    There are numerous alternative ways to get relaxation. Some individuals discover {that a} good evening’s sleep is all they want, whereas others want to have interaction in additional energetic types of relaxation, equivalent to train, meditation, or spending time in nature. The secret is to seek out what works for you and to make it a daily a part of your routine. In the event you’re undecided the way to get began, there are a selection of assets obtainable that can assist you. You’ll be able to discuss to your physician, a therapist, or a wellness coach. There are additionally many books and articles obtainable with regards to relaxation.

    Making time for relaxation is crucial for our total well being and well-being. After we relaxation, we enable our our bodies and minds to recuperate from the stresses of every day life. This will help us to enhance our sleep, increase our vitality ranges, and scale back our danger of power ailments. So, in the event you’re feeling drained, confused, or overwhelmed, take a while to relaxation and recharge. You may be glad you probably did.

    Taking Breaks All through the Day

    Common breaks are important for sustaining focus, stopping burnout, and boosting productiveness. Listed here are some ideas for taking efficient breaks all through the day:

    1. Schedule Breaks

    Plan common breaks into your schedule and follow them as a lot as attainable. It will show you how to keep away from feeling overwhelmed and forestall burnout.

    2. Take Quick Breaks Steadily

    Take brief breaks each 60-90 minutes. These breaks needs to be simply lengthy sufficient to clear your head and refresh your self.

    3. Take Longer Breaks Much less Steadily

    Along with brief breaks, schedule longer breaks each few hours. These breaks needs to be lengthy sufficient to will let you fully disengage from work and recharge.

    4. What to Do Throughout Breaks

    Throughout breaks, it is essential to have interaction in actions that may show you how to chill out and recharge. Listed here are some ideas:

    Exercise Advantages
    Stroll outdoors Get contemporary air and sunshine
    Stretch or do gentle train Enhance circulation and scale back muscle pressure
    Meditate or apply deep respiratory Calm the thoughts and scale back stress
    Learn or hearken to music Escape from work and chill out
    Socialize with colleagues Construct relationships and get a special perspective
    Take a nap Enhance alertness and enhance cognitive perform

    Avoiding Overwork and Burnout

    In at this time’s fast-paced world, it is simple to get caught up within the grind and push ourselves to the purpose of exhaustion. Nonetheless, it is essential to keep in mind that overwork can result in burnout, which may have extreme penalties for our bodily and psychological well being.

    1. Acknowledge the Indicators of Burnout

    Burnout is a state of emotional, bodily, and psychological exhaustion brought on by extended or extreme stress. Frequent signs embrace fatigue, cynicism, detachment from work, and decreased productiveness.

    2. Set Boundaries

    Set up clear boundaries between work and private time. Keep on with a daily schedule and keep away from working time beyond regulation except completely essential.

    3. Study to Delegate

    In the event you’re feeling overwhelmed, do not hesitate to delegate duties to others. Trusting your staff and empowering them can unlock your time and scale back your stress ranges.

    4. Prioritize Relaxation and Restoration

    Make relaxation and restoration an integral a part of your routine. Schedule common breaks all through the day, and make sure you get sufficient sleep at evening.

    5. Follow Self-Care

    Interact in actions that nourish your well-being, equivalent to train, hobbies, and spending time with family members. Self-care helps you recharge and deal with stress.

    6. Search Help

    In the event you’re struggling to handle stress by yourself, do not be afraid to hunt assist from pals, household, or a therapist. Speaking about your emotions can present perspective and show you how to develop coping mechanisms.

    7. Consider Your Workload and Schedule

    Take a step again and assess your workload and schedule. Are there any duties that may be eradicated or streamlined? Are you able to alter your deadlines or negotiate extra manageable expectations? By analyzing your commitments and making essential changes, you’ll be able to scale back your stress ranges and enhance your work-life stability.

    Keep away from Overwork and Burnout
    Suggestions
    1. Acknowledge the indicators of burnout.
    2. Set boundaries between work and private time.
    3. Study to delegate duties.
    4. Prioritize relaxation and restoration.
    5. Follow self-care.
    6. Search assist if wanted.
    7. Consider your workload and make changes.

    Searching for Skilled Assist When Wanted

    Whereas self-help methods may be efficient for gentle burnout, it is essential to hunt skilled assist if signs persist or intensify. Listed here are some indicators that point out the necessity for skilled intervention:

    1. Cognitive Impairment: Problem concentrating, making choices, or remembering data.
    2. Emotional Misery: Persistent emotions of unhappiness, hopelessness, or irritability.
    3. Bodily Signs: Complications, muscle pressure, or persistent fatigue.
    4. Interpersonal Issues: Strained relationships at work, house, or with pals.
    5. Decreased Productiveness: Vital decline in efficiency at work or in different areas.
    6. Suicidal or Self-Hurt Ideas: Any ideas or urges to hurt oneself needs to be taken critically and require rapid skilled consideration.
    7. Substance Abuse: Utilizing alcohol or medication to deal with burnout can worsen signs in the long term.
    8. Sleep Disturbances: Persistent insomnia or extreme sleepiness.
    9. Trauma Historical past: Burnout can set off or exacerbate signs of previous trauma.
    10. Medical Circumstances: Underlying well being points, equivalent to thyroid issues or anemia, can contribute to burnout.

    Forms of Skilled Assist

    *

    Therapists or Counselors: These professionals will help you determine the foundation causes of burnout, develop coping mechanisms, and enhance resilience.

    *

    Psychiatrists: Medical docs who focus on psychological well being, they will diagnose and prescribe medicines to deal with signs equivalent to anxiousness or melancholy.

    *

    Life Coaches: Present assist and steering to assist people set objectives, overcome challenges, and obtain higher achievement in life.

    How To Maintain Relaxation

    Once you play the guitar, holding the remainder is a vital a part of sustaining correct approach. The remaining needs to be held within the palm of your hand, together with your thumb and fingers wrapped round it. Your thumb needs to be positioned on the again of the remainder, and your fingers needs to be unfold out on the entrance. The remaining needs to be held firmly, however not too tightly, and it needs to be positioned in order that the strings are resting on the bridge.

    Holding the remainder appropriately will show you how to to play with higher management and accuracy. It’s going to additionally assist to forestall the guitar from transferring round while you’re enjoying. In case you are having hassle holding the remainder, there are some things you’ll be able to attempt. First, just remember to are utilizing the right measurement relaxation. The remaining needs to be massive sufficient to suit comfortably in your hand, nevertheless it shouldn’t be so massive that it’s tough to regulate.

    Second, attempt adjusting the place of your hand. The remaining needs to be held in order that your thumb is on the again of the remainder and your fingers are unfold out on the entrance. In case your hand shouldn’t be positioned appropriately, it will likely be tough to carry the remainder firmly.

    Lastly, attempt practising holding the remainder. The extra you apply, the simpler it can grow to be. You’ll be able to apply by merely holding the remainder in your hand for a couple of minutes every day. It’s also possible to apply by enjoying easy workouts on the guitar.

    Folks Additionally Ask

    How do I do know if I am holding the remainder appropriately?

    You already know you might be holding the remainder appropriately whether it is comfy to carry and if the strings are resting on the bridge. You must also be capable to play with higher management and accuracy if you find yourself holding the remainder appropriately.

    What’s one of the best ways to apply holding the remainder?

    One of the best ways to apply holding the remainder is to easily maintain it in your hand for a couple of minutes every day. It’s also possible to apply by enjoying easy workouts on the guitar.

    Can I exploit a special kind of relaxation?

    Sure, you should utilize a special kind of relaxation, however you will need to be certain that that it’s the right measurement and form in your hand. You must also be sure that the remainder is comfy to carry and that it doesn’t intrude together with your enjoying.